![]() Both glycolysis and the phosphagen system occur in the sarcoplasm and are considered "anaerobic". But glycolysis has a much higher capacity to produce ATP because of the abundance of glycogen and glucose. ![]() Glycolysis is the breakdown of carbs to resynthesize ATP. There are two sources of carbs in the body used for glycolysis: muscle glycogen stores and glucose from the blood. The glycolysis process is driven by many enzymatic reactions, and therefore takes a longer time to resynthesize ATP than the phosphagen system, which only requires one enzyme. The energy then adds the phosphate to ADP to synthesize ATP. PCr → via Creatine Kinase → Creatine + Pi + EnergyĬreatine kinase breaks down creatine phosphate, steals the inorganic phosphate, and produces energy. This process is active at the start of all exercise, during the first 0-6 seconds, and is mostly used for short-term, high intensity activities. Creatine kinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. Phosphagen SystemĬreatine Phosphate (CP or PCr) is an energy reserve for rapidly replenishing ATP, and is stored in limited amounts in the muscle cells. The magnitude of each system's contribution to overall work performance depends mostly on the intensity of the activity, and also on the duration of the activity. The way this section is taught doesn't totally highlight the fact that all 3 energy systems are active at any given time. Out of the 3 macronutrients, only carbohydrates can be metabolized for energy without oxygen, therefore making it essential for anaerobic metabolism. While the oxidative system is aerobic and requires oxygen, and occurs in the mitochondria. The phosphagen system and glycolysis do not require oxygen, and are therefore considered anaerobic, and occur in the sarcoplasm of the cell. ATP Replenishment IntroĪTP is replenished in the muscle cells by 3 different processes - the phosphagen system, glycolysis, and the oxidative system. Notice how the chemical reaction has arrows going in both directions, which means this is the reaction for both the hydrolysis and resynthesis of ATP.ĪTP + H2O ← via ATPase → ADP + Pi + H+ + energyĪTP and a water molecule, with the help of ATPase, will become adenosine di-phosphate, inorganic phosphate, hydrogen, and energy. The catabolism of ATP is facilitated by the enzyme ATPase. The breakdown of 1 ATP molecule to yield energy is called hydrolysis because it requires 1 molecule of water. ![]() ATP is required for all muscular activity and growth, therefore its important to understand how exercise affects ATP hydrolysis and resynthesis. ![]()
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